2,2{40 -thiobis(4,6-di-tert.-butylresourcinol)

ABSTRACT

Rodent repellents 2,2&#39;&#39;-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert.butylresorcinol) and 2,2&#39;&#39;-thiobis(4,6-di-tert.-butylresorcinol), of which the latter is a novel compound are taught.

Unite States Patent 91 Fuchsman 51 Apr. 10, 1973 2,2'-THIOBIS(4,6-DI-TERT.-

BUTYLRESOURCINOL) [75] Inventor: Charles H. Fuchsman, Cleveland Heights, Ohio [73] Assignee: Ferro Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio [22] Filed: June 1, 1971 [21] App]. No.: 148,968

Related U.S. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 879,559, Nov. 24, 1969, Pat. No.

[52] U.S. Cl ..260/609 F [51] Int. Cl ..C07c 149/38 [58] Field of Search ..260/609 F Primary ExaminerLewis Gotts Assistant Examiner-D. R. Phillips AttarneyMilton L. Simmons [5 7] ABSTRACT Rodent repellents 2,2-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert.-butylresorcinol) and 2,2'-thiobis(4,6-di-tert.-butylresorcinol), of which the latter is a novel compound are taught.

1 Claim, No Drawings 2,2'-THlOBIS(4,6-Dl-TERT.- BUTYLRESOURCINOL) This is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 879,559, filed Nov. 24, 1969 since issued into U.S. Pat. No. 3,644,649.

This invention relates to compounds useful as rodent repellents, a method for their application, and a novel compound.

The compounds can be represented by the formula:

(3(CH3); owns wherein X is CH, or S. Encompassed within the above formula are the compounds 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-ditert.-butylresorcinol) and 2,2'-thiobis-(4,6-di-tert.-butylresorcinol) of which the latter is novel.

The thiobis compound (alternatively referred to herein as TDBR) can be prepared by reacting 4,6-ditert.-butylresorcinol with sulfur chloride in the presence of a solvent. Exemplary of suitable solvents are the chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, and perchlorethylene. Perchlorethylene is preferred because the reactants are soluble in it but not the product. Thus the product is easily crystallized from it. The reaction can be conducted at a temperature between about C. and 60C. (preferably 0C. to 30C.) in a period between about 1 and 6 hours at atmospheric pressure.

The methylenebis compound (alternatively referred to herein as MDBR) can be prepared by reacting 4,6- di-tert.-butylresorcinol with formaldehyde in the presence of an inert solvent and a catalyst. Suitable solvents include hydrocarbons such as alkanes (e.g. hexane), and aromatics (e.g. benzene and toluene).

A hexane-toluene mixture of solvents is preferred because the reactants are soluble in the toluene, but the product is insoluble in hexane. Accordingly with this mixture, the product is easily recovered. Suitable catalysts are the non-oxidizing acid catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and boron trifluoride.

The reaction can be conducted at a temperature between about 25C. and about 100C. in a period between about 1 hour and about 6 hours at atmospheric pressure.

The following examples illustrate the preparation of the compounds. All percentages employed therein and elsewhere in this specification are by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 cooled in an ice bath. The white crystalline product,

after being filtered and washed with heptane, was dried under reduced pressure in a vacuum oven at C. to produce 13.0 g (57 percent yield) of 2,2'-' methylenebis(4,6-di-tert.-butylresorcinol).

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 2,2'-thiobis(4,6-di-tert.-butylresor cinol).

Into a 250 ml reaction flask fitted with athermometer and reflux condenser was charged 4,6-di-tert.-butylresorcinol (22.2 grams) and perchlorethylene (60 ml). Sulfur chloride (5.1 g SCI was then slowly added while agitating the mixture. When of the SCl was added, a solid separated and 20 ml of perchlorethylene was added to facilitate agitation. The mixture was further agitated at 25C. for one hour and then cooled to 5C. After filtration the precipitate was washed with heptane and dried to produce 10.0 g of 2,2-thiobis(4,6 -di-tert.-butylresorcinol); m.p. 2 1 4 1 5C To be effectively employed as a rodent repellent in many forestry applications, a compound must repel animals but not be harmful to the plants or trees to which it is applied.

In many cases, particularly in forestry applications, it is desirable to keep the rodents from consuming seeds and seedlings. It is, however, undesirable to destroy the rodents, to avoid severe upset of the biological balance in the forests.

This requirement imposes a number of restrictions on a substance to be suitable for use as non-toxic rodent-repellents in the protection of vegetation:

1. They must repel rodents (and if possible other animals which consume seeds, seedlings and growing plants. e.g. deer);

2. They must not be dangerously toxic to these animals, in the event of accidental ingestion;

3. They must not significantly hann the plants they are intended to protect.

Tests devised to judge these properties include the following:

1. A repellency test based on a measure of the tendency of rodents to forego favored foods when the latter are coated with the repellents;

2. A toxicity test consisting of introducing orally into the rodents a graded series of dosages of toxicant to determine the dosage required to cause death in the animal;

3. An observation of the response of Douglas fir seedlings (illustrative species of valuable evergreen forest trees) and of bean plants (illustrative of broad-leaved annual low growing plants), to having their leaves coated with the repellent substance. Failure in any of these respects would disqualify these substances for their intended use.

In the repellency tests, candidate materials are dissolved or dispersed in a suitable volatile medium, (e.g. water, alcohol, acetone) and applied to wheat seeds so that the candidate compound constitutes about 2 percent by weight of the seeds. These seeds are fed at the rate of 25 seeds per day for three consecutive days to individually caged white-footed deer-mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). The mice also have access to standard laboratory rat food pellets as a sustaining ration. When untreated seeds are used, or when seeds treated with non-repellent mixtures are offered, the

wheat seeds are totally consumed each day in preference to the rat food-pellets.

When wheat seeds were coated with MDSR, 78 percent of the seeds offered remained unconsumed. When wheat seeds were coated with TDBR, 40 percent of the seeds offered were rejected.

In determining the toxicity of these substances, a graded series of doses of a suspension of the test substances in corn oil was introduced orally into the mice. The average lethal dose was 1600 mg of MDBR, or TDBR respectively per kg of mouse body weight. Values in excess of about 300 mg/kg can be considered non-toxic for practical purposes. Similar tests with rabbits were conducted at concentrations up to 470 mg/kg, with no observed death among the test animals. Thus the compounds are essentially non-toxic to both the mice and the rabbits.

To test for foliar phytotoxicity, test compounds were formulated as suspensions at both 1 and 6 percent concentrations in an acetone-water-emulsifier containing 1% Carbopol (a commercial carboxylic polymer, used as a suspending agent, and to effect prolonged adherence to the leaves). The suspensions were brushed onto the leaves (or sprayed in some cases) of both been plants and Douglas fir seedlings. No evidence of defoliation or other inhibition of growth was observed in the two weeks following application. (Phytotoxic ch micals generally produce loss of leaves, wilting and other signs of distress in less than 1 week).

Since the purpose of these compounds is to function as a repellent, the precise concentration to be used may vary considerably. The presence of repellent on one leaf can by odor or other subtle method offer protection to a neighboring untreated leaf. The amount required may similarly be affected by other factors affecting the biological sensitivity of the mice. It is known, that starving animals will often ingest materials which otherwise would be repulsive to them. Protection under such cases might require very high concentrations of repellent.

It is therefore necessary to determine empiricallyfor any given situation the amount of repellent required, and optimum method of distributing it among the plants to be protected.

The compounds can be applied to the seed, seedling, mature plant or tree with the conventional carriers (liquid or powder). Only a minor but effective amount is required which will depend on the type of foliage and 

